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[[package]]
name = "welcome_00"
fn intro() -> &'static str {
// TODO: fix me 👇
- "I'm ready to __!"
+ "I'm ready to start modelling a software ticket!"
}
#[cfg(test)]
// It should also have a method named `is_available` that returns a `true` if the quantity is
// greater than 0, otherwise `false`.
+struct Order {
+ price: u32,
+ quantity: u32,
+}
+
+impl Order {
+ pub fn is_available(&self) -> bool {
+ self.quantity > 0
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
+// enum Status {
+// Todo,
+// InProgress,
+// Done,
+// }
+
+// impl From<String> for Status {
+// fn from(str: String) -> Self {}
+// }
+
struct Ticket {
title: String,
description: String,
// as well as some `String` methods. Use the documentation of Rust's standard library
// to find the most appropriate options -> https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html
fn new(title: String, description: String, status: String) -> Self {
- todo!();
+ match status.as_str() {
+ "To-Do" | "In Progress" | "Done" => {}
+ _ => panic!("Only `To-Do`, `In Progress`, and `Done` statuses are allowed"),
+ }
+
+ if title.is_empty() {
+ panic!("Title cannot be empty")
+ }
+
+ if title.len() > 50 {
+ panic!("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes");
+ }
+
+ if description.is_empty() {
+ panic!("Description cannot be empty");
+ }
+
+ if description.len() > 500 {
+ panic!("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes");
+ }
+
Self {
title,
description,
mod helpers {
// TODO: Make this code compile, either by adding a `use` statement or by using
// the appropriate path to refer to the `Ticket` struct.
+ use super::Ticket;
fn create_todo_ticket(title: String, description: String) -> Ticket {
Ticket::new(title, description, "To-Do".into())
mod ticket {
- struct Ticket {
+ pub struct Ticket {
title: String,
description: String,
status: String,
}
impl Ticket {
- fn new(title: String, description: String, status: String) -> Ticket {
+ pub fn new(title: String, description: String, status: String) -> Ticket {
if title.is_empty() {
panic!("Title cannot be empty");
}
//
// TODO: Once you have verified that the below does not compile,
// comment the line out to move on to the next exercise!
- assert_eq!(ticket.description, "A description");
+ // assert_eq!(ticket.description, "A description");
}
fn encapsulation_cannot_be_violated() {
//
// TODO: Once you have verified that the below does not compile,
// comment the lines out to move on to the next exercise!
- let ticket = Ticket {
- title: "A title".into(),
- description: "A description".into(),
- status: "To-Do".into(),
- };
+ // let ticket = Ticket {
+ // title: "A title".into(),
+ // description: "A description".into(),
+ // status: "To-Do".into(),
+ // };
}
}
}
}
+ pub fn title(self) -> String {
+ self.title
+ }
+
+ pub fn description(self) -> String {
+ self.description
+ }
+
+ pub fn status(self) -> String {
+ self.status
+ }
+
// TODO: Add three public methods to the `Ticket` struct:
// - `title` that returns the `title` field.
// - `description` that returns the `description` field.
}
}
- pub fn title(self) -> String {
- self.title
+ pub fn title(&self) -> &String {
+ &self.title
}
- pub fn description(self) -> String {
- self.description
+ pub fn description(&self) -> &String {
+ &self.description
}
- pub fn status(self) -> String {
- self.status
+ pub fn status(&self) -> &String {
+ &self.status
}
}
impl Ticket {
pub fn new(title: String, description: String, status: String) -> Ticket {
+ Ticket::check_title(&title);
+ Ticket::check_description(&description);
+ Ticket::check_status(&status);
+ Ticket {
+ title,
+ description,
+ status,
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn check_title(title: &String) {
if title.is_empty() {
panic!("Title cannot be empty");
}
if title.len() > 50 {
panic!("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes");
}
+ }
+
+ fn check_description(description: &String) {
if description.is_empty() {
panic!("Description cannot be empty");
}
if description.len() > 500 {
panic!("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes");
}
+ }
+
+ fn check_status(status: &String) {
if status != "To-Do" && status != "In Progress" && status != "Done" {
panic!("Only `To-Do`, `In Progress`, and `Done` statuses are allowed");
}
-
- Ticket {
- title,
- description,
- status,
- }
}
pub fn title(&self) -> &String {
&self.title
}
+ pub fn set_title(&mut self, title: String) {
+ Ticket::check_title(&title);
+ self.title = title;
+ }
+
pub fn description(&self) -> &String {
&self.description
}
+ pub fn set_description(&mut self, description: String) {
+ Ticket::check_description(&description);
+ self.description = description;
+ }
+
pub fn status(&self) -> &String {
&self.status
}
+
+ pub fn set_status(&mut self, status: String) {
+ Ticket::check_status(&status);
+ self.status = status;
+ }
}
#[cfg(test)]
#[test]
fn u16_size() {
- assert_eq!(size_of::<u16>(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<u16>(), 2);
}
#[test]
fn i32_size() {
- assert_eq!(size_of::<i32>(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<i32>(), 4);
}
#[test]
fn bool_size() {
- assert_eq!(size_of::<bool>(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<bool>(), 1);
}
}
#[test]
fn string_size() {
- assert_eq!(size_of::<String>(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<String>(), 24);
}
#[test]
// but, in general, the memory layout of structs is a more complex topic.
// If you're curious, check out the "Data layout" section of the Rustonomicon
// https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/data.html for more information.
- assert_eq!(size_of::<Ticket>(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<Ticket>(), 72);
}
}
#[test]
fn u16_ref_size() {
- assert_eq!(size_of::<&u16>(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<&u16>(), 8);
}
#[test]
fn u64_mut_ref_size() {
- assert_eq!(size_of::<&mut u64>(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<&mut u64>(), 8);
}
#[test]
fn ticket_ref_size() {
- assert_eq!(size_of::<&Ticket>(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(size_of::<&Ticket>(), 8);
}
}
// We'll pick the concept up again in a later chapter after covering traits and
// interior mutability.
fn outro() -> &'static str {
- "I have a basic understanding of __!"
+ "I have a basic understanding of destructors!"
}
#[cfg(test)]
// Integration here has a very specific meaning: they test **the public API** of your project.
// You'll need to pay attention to the visibility of your types and methods; integration
// tests can't access private or `pub(crate)` items.
+
+pub struct Order {
+ product_name: String,
+ quantity: u32,
+ unit_price: u32,
+}
+
+impl Order {
+ pub fn new(product_name: String, quantity: u32, unit_price: u32) -> Self {
+ Order::check_product_name(&product_name);
+ Order::check_quantity(quantity);
+ Order::check_unit_price(unit_price);
+
+ Order {
+ product_name,
+ quantity,
+ unit_price,
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn check_product_name(product_name: &String) {
+ if product_name.len() == 0 || product_name.len() > 300 {
+ panic!("Product name cannot be empty or be longer than 300 bytes");
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn check_quantity(quantity: u32) {
+ if quantity == 0 {
+ panic!("Quantity must be greater than 0");
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn check_unit_price(unit_price: u32) {
+ if unit_price == 0 {
+ panic!("Unit price must be greater than 0");
+ }
+ }
+
+ pub fn product_name(&self) -> &String {
+ &self.product_name
+ }
+
+ pub fn set_product_name(&mut self, product_name: String) {
+ Order::check_product_name(&product_name);
+ self.product_name = product_name;
+ }
+
+ pub fn quantity(&self) -> &u32 {
+ &self.quantity
+ }
+
+ pub fn set_quantity(&mut self, quantity: u32) {
+ Order::check_quantity(quantity);
+ self.quantity = quantity;
+ }
+
+ pub fn unit_price(&self) -> &u32 {
+ &self.unit_price
+ }
+
+ pub fn set_unit_price(&mut self, unit_price: u32) {
+ Order::check_unit_price(unit_price);
+ self.unit_price = unit_price;
+ }
+
+ pub fn total(&self) -> u32 {
+ self.quantity * self.unit_price
+ }
+}
fn intro() -> &'static str {
// TODO: fix me 👇
- "I'm ready to __!"
+ "I'm ready to learn about traits!"
}
#[cfg(test)]
//
// Then implement the trait for `u32` and `i32`.
+pub trait IsEven {
+ fn is_even(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl IsEven for u32 {
+ fn is_even(&self) -> bool {
+ self % 2 == 0
+ }
+}
+
+impl IsEven for i32 {
+ fn is_even(&self) -> bool {
+ self % 2 == 0
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
// Look at the compiler error to get familiar with what it looks like.
// Then delete the code below and move on to the next exercise.
-impl PartialEq for u32 {
- fn eq(&self, _other: &Self) -> bool {
- todo!()
- }
-}
+// impl PartialEq for u32 {
+// fn eq(&self, _other: &Self) -> bool {
+// todo!()
+// }
+// }
// TODO: Implement the `PartialEq` trait for `Ticket`.
-impl PartialEq for Ticket {}
+impl PartialEq for Ticket {
+ fn eq(&self, other: &Ticket) -> bool {
+ self.title == other.title
+ && self.description == other.description
+ && self.status == other.status
+ }
+}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
// print both sides of the comparison to the terminal.
// If the compared type doesn't implement `Debug`, it doesn't know how to represent them!
-#[derive(PartialEq)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
struct Ticket {
title: String,
description: String,
// collections (e.g. BTreeMap).
/// Return the minimum of two values.
-pub fn min<T>(left: T, right: T) -> T {
+pub fn min<T>(left: T, right: T) -> T
+where
+ T: Ord,
+{
if left <= right {
left
} else {
}
}
- pub fn title(&self) -> &String {
+ pub fn title(&self) -> &str {
&self.title
}
- pub fn description(&self) -> &String {
+ pub fn description(&self) -> &str {
&self.description
}
- pub fn status(&self) -> &String {
+ pub fn status(&self) -> &str {
&self.status
}
}
impl Ticket {
pub fn title(&self) -> &str {
- todo!()
+ self.title.trim()
}
pub fn description(&self) -> &str {
- todo!()
+ self.description.trim()
}
}
// via `std::mem::size_of` will result in a compile-time error.
//
// TODO: Comment out the following line and move on to the next exercise.
- std::mem::size_of::<str>();
+ // std::mem::size_of::<str>();
}
value: u32,
}
+impl From<u32> for WrappingU32 {
+ fn from(value: u32) -> Self {
+ WrappingU32 { value }
+ }
+}
+
fn example() {
let wrapping: WrappingU32 = 42.into();
let wrapping = WrappingU32::from(42);
// interested in learning more about it.
// You don't have to though: it's perfectly okay to write three separate
// implementations manually. Venture further only if you're curious.
+trait Power<T> {
+ fn power(&self, n: T) -> u32;
+}
+
+impl Power<u16> for u32 {
+ fn power(&self, n: u16) -> u32 {
+ let mut v = *self;
+ for _ in 1..n {
+ v *= self;
+ }
+ v
+ }
+}
+
+impl Power<u32> for u32 {
+ fn power(&self, n: u32) -> u32 {
+ let mut v = *self;
+ for _ in 1..n {
+ v *= self;
+ }
+ v
+ }
+}
+
+impl Power<&u32> for u32 {
+ fn power(&self, n: &u32) -> u32 {
+ let mut v = *self;
+ for _ in 1..*n {
+ v *= self;
+ }
+ v
+ }
+}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
// to get the code to compile.
pub fn summary(ticket: Ticket) -> (Ticket, Summary) {
- (ticket, ticket.summary())
+ (ticket.clone(), ticket.summary())
}
+#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Ticket {
pub title: String,
pub description: String,
// TODO: implement the necessary traits to make the test compile and pass.
// You *can't* modify the test.
+use std::ops::Add;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct WrappingU32 {
value: u32,
}
}
}
+impl Add for WrappingU32 {
+ type Output = Self;
+ fn add(self, other: WrappingU32) -> Self::Output {
+ Self::new(self.value.wrapping_add(other.value))
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
// unless a certain operation has been performed on it.
// You can see the expected API in the tests below.
+struct DropBomb {
+ defused: bool,
+}
+
+impl DropBomb {
+ pub fn new() -> Self {
+ Self { defused: false }
+ }
+
+ pub fn defuse(&mut self) {
+ self.defused = true;
+ }
+}
+
+impl Drop for DropBomb {
+ fn drop(&mut self) {
+ if !self.defused {
+ panic!("BOOM")
+ }
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
// It should be possible to print its debug representation.
//
// Tests are located in the `tests` folder—pay attention to the visibility of your types and methods.
+
+use std::ops::Add;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SaturatingU16 {
+ value: u16,
+}
+
+impl From<u16> for SaturatingU16 {
+ fn from(value: u16) -> Self {
+ Self { value }
+ }
+}
+
+impl From<u8> for SaturatingU16 {
+ fn from(value: u8) -> Self {
+ Self {
+ value: value.into(),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl From<&u16> for SaturatingU16 {
+ fn from(value: &u16) -> Self {
+ (*value).into()
+ }
+}
+
+impl From<&u8> for SaturatingU16 {
+ fn from(value: &u8) -> Self {
+ (*value).into()
+ }
+}
+
+impl Add for SaturatingU16 {
+ type Output = Self;
+ fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+ self + rhs.value
+ }
+}
+
+impl Add<&SaturatingU16> for SaturatingU16 {
+ type Output = SaturatingU16;
+ fn add(self, rhs: &Self) -> Self::Output {
+ self + *rhs
+ }
+}
+
+impl Add<u16> for SaturatingU16 {
+ type Output = SaturatingU16;
+ fn add(self, rhs: u16) -> Self::Output {
+ SaturatingU16 {
+ value: self.value.saturating_add(rhs),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl Add<&u16> for SaturatingU16 {
+ type Output = SaturatingU16;
+ fn add(self, rhs: &u16) -> Self::Output {
+ self + *rhs
+ }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<u16> for SaturatingU16 {
+ fn eq(&self, other: &u16) -> bool {
+ self.value == *other
+ }
+}
fn intro() -> &'static str {
// TODO: fix me 👇
- "I'm ready to __!"
+ "I'm ready to refine the `Ticket` type!"
}
#[cfg(test)]
struct Ticket {
title: String,
description: String,
- status: String,
+ status: Status,
}
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
enum Status {
- // TODO: add the missing variants
+ ToDo,
+ InProgress,
+ Done,
}
impl Ticket {
- pub fn new(title: String, description: String, status: String) -> Ticket {
+ pub fn new(title: String, description: String, status: Status) -> Ticket {
if title.is_empty() {
panic!("Title cannot be empty");
}
if description.len() > 500 {
panic!("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes");
}
- if status != "To-Do" && status != "In Progress" && status != "Done" {
- panic!("Only `To-Do`, `In Progress`, and `Done` statuses are allowed");
- }
Ticket {
title,
&self.description
}
- pub fn status(&self) -> &String {
+ pub fn status(&self) -> &Status {
&self.status
}
}
impl Shape {
// TODO: Implement the `n_sides` method using a `match`.
pub fn n_sides(&self) -> u8 {
- todo!()
+ match self {
+ Self::Circle => 0,
+ Self::Square | Self::Rectangle => 4,
+ Self::Triangle => 3,
+ Self::Pentagon => 5,
+ }
}
}
}
}
pub fn assigned_to(&self) -> &str {
- todo!()
+ match self.status {
+ Status::InProgress { ref assigned_to } => assigned_to,
+ _ => panic!("Only `In-Progress` tickets can be assigned to someone"),
+ }
}
}
// TODO: Implement the `radius` method using
// either an `if let` or a `let/else`.
pub fn radius(&self) -> f64 {
- todo!()
+ if let Shape::Circle { radius } = self {
+ *radius
+ } else {
+ panic!("Not a circle")
+ }
}
}
}
}
pub fn assigned_to(&self) -> Option<&String> {
- todo!()
+ match self.status {
+ Status::InProgress { ref assigned_to } => Some(assigned_to),
+ _ => None,
+ }
}
}
}
impl Ticket {
- pub fn new(title: String, description: String, status: Status) -> Ticket {
+ pub fn new(title: String, description: String, status: Status) -> Result<Ticket, String> {
if title.is_empty() {
- panic!("Title cannot be empty");
+ return Err("Title cannot be empty".to_string());
}
if title.len() > 50 {
- panic!("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes");
+ return Err("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes".to_string());
}
if description.is_empty() {
- panic!("Description cannot be empty");
+ return Err("Description cannot be empty".to_string());
}
if description.len() > 500 {
- panic!("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes");
+ return Err("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes".to_string());
}
- Ticket {
+ Ok(Ticket {
title,
description,
status,
- }
+ })
}
}
// When the description is invalid, instead, it should use a default description:
// "Description not provided".
fn easy_ticket(title: String, description: String, status: Status) -> Ticket {
- todo!()
+ if let Err(str) = validated_title(&title) {
+ panic!("{}", str);
+ }
+
+ Ticket::new(
+ title,
+ if let Err(_) = validation_description(&description) {
+ "Description not provided".to_string()
+ } else {
+ description
+ },
+ status,
+ )
+ .unwrap()
}
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
Done,
}
+fn validated_title(title: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+ if title.is_empty() {
+ Err("Title cannot be empty".to_string())
+ } else if title.len() > 50 {
+ Err("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes".to_string())
+ } else {
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+fn validation_description(description: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+ if description.is_empty() {
+ Err("Description cannot be empty".to_string())
+ } else if description.len() > 500 {
+ Err("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes".to_string())
+ } else {
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
impl Ticket {
pub fn new(title: String, description: String, status: Status) -> Result<Ticket, String> {
- if title.is_empty() {
- return Err("Title cannot be empty".to_string());
- }
- if title.len() > 50 {
- return Err("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes".to_string());
+ if let Err(e) = validated_title(&title) {
+ return Err(e);
}
- if description.is_empty() {
- return Err("Description cannot be empty".to_string());
- }
- if description.len() > 500 {
- return Err("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes".to_string());
+
+ if let Err(e) = validation_description(&description) {
+ return Err(e);
}
Ok(Ticket {
// TODO: Use two variants, one for a title error and one for a description error.
// Each variant should contain a string with the explanation of what went wrong exactly.
// You'll have to update the implementation of `Ticket::new` as well.
-enum TicketNewError {}
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum TicketNewError {
+ TitleError(String),
+ DescriptionError(String),
+}
// TODO: `easy_ticket` should panic when the title is invalid, using the error message
// stored inside the relevant variant of the `TicketNewError` enum.
// When the description is invalid, instead, it should use a default description:
// "Description not provided".
fn easy_ticket(title: String, description: String, status: Status) -> Ticket {
- todo!()
+ if let Err(str) = validated_title(&title) {
+ panic!("{}", str);
+ }
+
+ Ticket::new(
+ title,
+ if let Err(_) = validation_description(&description) {
+ "Description not provided".to_string()
+ } else {
+ description
+ },
+ status,
+ )
+ .unwrap()
}
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
Done,
}
+fn validated_title(title: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+ if title.is_empty() {
+ Err("Title cannot be empty".to_string())
+ } else if title.len() > 50 {
+ Err("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes".to_string())
+ } else {
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+fn validation_description(description: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+ if description.is_empty() {
+ Err("Description cannot be empty".to_string())
+ } else if description.len() > 500 {
+ Err("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes".to_string())
+ } else {
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
impl Ticket {
pub fn new(
title: String,
description: String,
status: Status,
) -> Result<Ticket, TicketNewError> {
- if title.is_empty() {
- return Err("Title cannot be empty".to_string());
- }
- if title.len() > 50 {
- return Err("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes".to_string());
+ if let Err(e) = validated_title(&title) {
+ Err(TicketNewError::TitleError(e))
+ } else if let Err(e) = validation_description(&description) {
+ Err(TicketNewError::DescriptionError(e))
+ } else {
+ Ok(Ticket {
+ title,
+ description,
+ status,
+ })
}
- if description.is_empty() {
- return Err("Description cannot be empty".to_string());
- }
- if description.len() > 500 {
- return Err("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes".to_string());
- }
-
- Ok(Ticket {
- title,
- description,
- status,
- })
}
}
// When implementing `Display`, you may want to use the `write!` macro from Rust's standard library.
// The docs for the `std::fmt` module are a good place to start and look for examples:
// https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#write
-
+#[derive(Debug)]
enum TicketNewError {
TitleError(String),
DescriptionError(String),
}
+impl std::fmt::Display for TicketNewError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+ write!(
+ f,
+ "{}",
+ match self {
+ TicketNewError::TitleError(str) => str,
+ TicketNewError::DescriptionError(str) => str,
+ }
+ )
+ }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for TicketNewError {}
+
// TODO: `easy_ticket` should panic when the title is invalid, using the error message
// stored inside the relevant variant of the `TicketNewError` enum.
// When the description is invalid, instead, it should use a default description:
// "Description not provided".
fn easy_ticket(title: String, description: String, status: Status) -> Ticket {
- todo!()
+ if let Err(str) = validated_title(&title) {
+ panic!("{str}");
+ }
+
+ Ticket::new(
+ title,
+ if let Err(_) = validation_description(&description) {
+ "Description not provided".to_string()
+ } else {
+ description
+ },
+ status,
+ )
+ .unwrap()
}
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
Done,
}
+fn validated_title(title: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+ if title.is_empty() {
+ Err("Title cannot be empty".to_string())
+ } else if title.len() > 50 {
+ Err("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes".to_string())
+ } else {
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+fn validation_description(description: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+ if description.is_empty() {
+ Err("Description cannot be empty".to_string())
+ } else if description.len() > 500 {
+ Err("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes".to_string())
+ } else {
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
impl Ticket {
pub fn new(
title: String,
description: String,
status: Status,
) -> Result<Ticket, TicketNewError> {
- if title.is_empty() {
- return Err(TicketNewError::TitleError(
- "Title cannot be empty".to_string(),
- ));
+ if let Err(e) = validated_title(&title) {
+ Err(TicketNewError::TitleError(e))
+ } else if let Err(e) = validation_description(&description) {
+ Err(TicketNewError::DescriptionError(e))
+ } else {
+ Ok(Ticket {
+ title,
+ description,
+ status,
+ })
}
- if title.len() > 50 {
- return Err(TicketNewError::TitleError(
- "Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes".to_string(),
- ));
- }
- if description.is_empty() {
- return Err(TicketNewError::DescriptionError(
- "Description cannot be empty".to_string(),
- ));
- }
- if description.len() > 500 {
- return Err(TicketNewError::DescriptionError(
- "Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes".to_string(),
- ));
- }
-
- Ok(Ticket {
- title,
- description,
- status,
- })
}
}
--- /dev/null
+pub fn hello_world() {
+ println!("Hello, World!");
+}
name = "deps"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1"
edition = "2021"
[dependencies]
+thiserror = "1"
[dev-dependencies]
common = { path = "../../../helpers/common" }
// a `String` field into each variant.
// You'll also have to add `thiserror` as a dependency in the `Cargo.toml` file.
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
enum TicketNewError {
+ #[error("Title cannot be empty")]
TitleCannotBeEmpty,
+
+ #[error("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes")]
TitleTooLong,
+
+ #[error("Description cannot be empty")]
DescriptionCannotBeEmpty,
+
+ #[error("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes")]
DescriptionTooLong,
}
+// impl std::fmt::Display for TicketNewError {
+// fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+// write!(f, "{:?}", self)
+// }
+// }
+
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
struct Ticket {
title: String,
Done,
}
+impl TryFrom<&str> for Status {
+ type Error = String;
+ fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+ match value.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+ "todo" | "to-do" | "to do" => Ok(Status::ToDo),
+ "inprogress" | "in progress" => Ok(Status::InProgress),
+ "done" => Ok(Status::Done),
+ _ => Err(format!("Uknown status: {}", value)),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for Status {
+ type Error = String;
+ fn try_from(value: String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+ value.as_str().try_into()
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
+use std::string::ParseError;
+
use crate::status::Status;
// We've seen how to declare modules in one of the earliest exercises, but
pub enum TicketNewError {
#[error("Title cannot be empty")]
TitleCannotBeEmpty,
+
#[error("Title cannot be longer than 50 bytes")]
TitleTooLong,
+
#[error("Description cannot be empty")]
DescriptionCannotBeEmpty,
+
#[error("Description cannot be longer than 500 bytes")]
DescriptionTooLong,
+
+ #[error("{0}")]
+ InvalidStatus(#[from] status::ParseStatusError),
}
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
}
impl Ticket {
- pub fn new(title: String, description: String, status: String) -> Result<Self, TicketNewError> {
+ pub fn new(
+ title: String,
+ description: String,
+ status_str: String,
+ ) -> Result<Self, TicketNewError> {
if title.is_empty() {
return Err(TicketNewError::TitleCannotBeEmpty);
}
return Err(TicketNewError::DescriptionTooLong);
}
- // TODO: Parse the status string into a `Status` enum.
+ let status = Status::try_from(status_str)?;
Ok(Ticket {
title,
name = "outro_04"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+thiserror = "1"
// enforcing that the description is not empty and is not longer than 500 bytes.
// Implement the traits required to make the tests pass too.
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
pub struct TicketDescription(String);
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum TicketDescriptionError {
+ #[error("The description cannot be empty")]
+ Empty,
+
+ #[error("The description cannot be longer than 500 bytes")]
+ TooLong,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&str> for TicketDescription {
+ type Error = TicketDescriptionError;
+ fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+ TicketDescription::try_from(value.to_string())
+ }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for TicketDescription {
+ type Error = TicketDescriptionError;
+ fn try_from(value: String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+ if value.len() > 500 {
+ Err(TicketDescriptionError::TooLong)
+ } else if value.is_empty() {
+ Err(TicketDescriptionError::Empty)
+ } else {
+ Ok(TicketDescription(value))
+ }
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
// TODO: Implement `TryFrom<String>` and `TryFrom<&str>` for the `Status` enum.
// The parsing should be case-insensitive.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
pub enum Status {
ToDo,
InProgress,
Done,
}
+impl TryFrom<&str> for Status {
+ type Error = String;
+ fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+ match value.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+ "todo" | "to-do" | "to do" => Ok(Status::ToDo),
+ "inprogress" | "in progress" => Ok(Status::InProgress),
+ "done" => Ok(Status::Done),
+ _ => Err(format!("Can't parse status '{value}'").to_string()),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for Status {
+ type Error = String;
+ fn try_from(value: String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+ Status::try_from(value.as_str())
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
// enforcing that the title is not empty and is not longer than 50 characters.
// Implement the traits required to make the tests pass too.
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
pub struct TicketTitle(String);
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum TitleError {
+ #[error("The title cannot be empty")]
+ Empty,
+
+ #[error("The title cannot be longer than 50 bytes")]
+ TooLong,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&str> for TicketTitle {
+ type Error = TitleError;
+ fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+ TicketTitle::try_from(value.to_string())
+ }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for TicketTitle {
+ type Error = TitleError;
+ fn try_from(value: String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+ if value.len() > 50 {
+ Err(TitleError::TooLong)
+ } else if value.is_empty() {
+ Err(TitleError::Empty)
+ } else {
+ Ok(TicketTitle(value))
+ }
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
fn intro() -> &'static str {
// TODO: fix me 👇
- "I'm ready to __!"
+ "I'm ready to build a ticket management system!"
}
#[cfg(test)]
// TODO: Flesh out the `WeekTemperatures` struct and its method implementations to pass the tests.
pub struct WeekTemperatures {
- // TODO
+ values: [Option<i32>; 7],
}
pub enum Weekday {
- Monday,
+ Monday = 0,
Tuesday,
Wednesday,
Thursday,
impl WeekTemperatures {
pub fn new() -> Self {
- todo!()
+ WeekTemperatures { values: [None; 7] }
}
pub fn get_temperature(&self, day: Weekday) -> Option<i32> {
- todo!()
+ self.values[day as usize]
}
pub fn set_temperature(&mut self, day: Weekday, temperature: i32) {
- todo!()
+ self.values[day as usize] = Some(temperature);
}
}
name = "vec"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+lazy_static = "1"
//
// We expect `fibonacci(0)` to return `0`, `fibonacci(1)` to return `1`,
// `fibonacci(2)` to return `1`, and so on.
+
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+lazy_static! {
+ static ref fibonacci_values: Mutex<Vec<u32>> = Mutex::new(vec![0, 1]);
+}
+
pub fn fibonacci(n: u32) -> u32 {
// TODO: implement the `fibonacci` function
//
// Hint: use a `Vec` to memoize the results you have already calculated
// so that you don't have to recalculate them several times.
- todo!()
+
+ let mut values = fibonacci_values.lock().unwrap();
+ while values.len() <= n as usize {
+ let l = values.len();
+ let v1 = values[l - 2];
+ let v2 = values[l - 1];
+ values.push(v1 + v2);
+ }
+ values[n as usize]
}
#[cfg(test)]
// Can you guess what the new capacity will be?
// Beware that the standard library makes no guarantees about the
// algorithm used to resize the vector, so this may change in the future.
- assert_eq!(v.capacity(), todo!());
+ assert_eq!(v.capacity(), 4);
}
}
tickets: Vec<Ticket>,
}
+impl IntoIterator for TicketStore {
+ type Item = Ticket;
+ type IntoIter = std::vec::IntoIter<Self::Item>;
+
+ fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+ self.tickets.into_iter()
+ }
+}
+
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct Ticket {
pub title: TicketTitle,
pub fn add_ticket(&mut self, ticket: Ticket) {
self.tickets.push(ticket);
}
+
+ pub fn iter(&self) -> std::slice::Iter<Ticket> {
+ self.tickets.iter()
+ }
}
#[cfg(test)]
tickets: Vec<Ticket>,
}
+impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a TicketStore {
+ type Item = &'a Ticket;
+ type IntoIter = std::slice::Iter<'a, Ticket>;
+
+ fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+ self.tickets.iter()
+ }
+}
+
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct Ticket {
pub title: TicketTitle,
pub fn add_ticket(&mut self, ticket: Ticket) {
self.tickets.push(ticket);
}
+
+ pub fn to_dos(&self) -> Vec<&Ticket> {
+ self.tickets
+ .iter()
+ .filter(|t| t.status == Status::ToDo)
+ .collect()
+ }
}
#[cfg(test)]
pub fn add_ticket(&mut self, ticket: Ticket) {
self.tickets.push(ticket);
}
+
+ pub fn in_progress(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Ticket> {
+ self.tickets
+ .iter()
+ .filter(|t| t.status == Status::InProgress)
+ }
}
#[cfg(test)]
// that can be infallibly converted into a `Ticket`.
// This can make it nicer to use the method, as it removes the syntax noise of `.into()`
// from the calling site. It can worsen the quality of the compiler error messages, though.
- pub fn add_ticket(&mut self, ticket: impl Into<Ticket>) {
+ pub fn add_ticket<T>(&mut self, ticket: T)
+ where
+ T: Into<Ticket>,
+ {
self.tickets.push(ticket.into());
}
}
// TODO: Define a function named `sum` that takes a reference to a slice of `u32` and returns the sum of all
// elements in the slice.
+fn sum(elements: &[u32]) -> u32 {
+ elements.iter().sum()
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
// TODO: Define a function named `squared` that raises all `i32`s within a slice to the power of 2.
// The slice should be modified in place.
+fn squared(numbers: &mut [i32]) {
+ for mut n in numbers {
+ *n *= *n;
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct TicketStore {
tickets: Vec<Ticket>,
+ next_id: u64,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
tickets: Vec::new(),
+ next_id: 0,
}
}
- pub fn add_ticket(&mut self, ticket: Ticket) {
+ pub fn add_ticket(&mut self, ticket_draft: TicketDraft) -> TicketId {
+ let id = TicketId(self.next_id);
+ self.next_id += 1;
+ let ticket = Ticket {
+ id,
+ title: ticket_draft.title,
+ description: ticket_draft.description,
+ status: Status::ToDo,
+ };
self.tickets.push(ticket);
+ id
+ }
+
+ pub fn get(&self, id: TicketId) -> Option<&Ticket> {
+ self.tickets.iter().find(|t| t.id == id)
}
}
// TODO: Implement `Index<&TicketId>` and `Index<TicketId>` for `TicketStore`.
+use std::ops::Index;
+
use ticket_fields::{TicketDescription, TicketTitle};
#[derive(Clone)]
}
}
+impl Index<TicketId> for TicketStore {
+ type Output = Ticket;
+ fn index(&self, index: TicketId) -> &Self::Output {
+ self.get(index).unwrap()
+ }
+}
+
+impl Index<&TicketId> for TicketStore {
+ type Output = Ticket;
+ fn index(&self, index: &TicketId) -> &Self::Output {
+ self.index(*index) // or &self.index[*index].
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use crate::{Status, TicketDraft, TicketStore};
// TODO: Implement `IndexMut<&TicketId>` and `IndexMut<TicketId>` for `TicketStore`.
-use std::ops::Index;
+use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
use ticket_fields::{TicketDescription, TicketTitle};
#[derive(Clone)]
}
}
+impl IndexMut<TicketId> for TicketStore {
+ fn index_mut(&mut self, index: TicketId) -> &mut Self::Output {
+ self.tickets.iter_mut().find(|t| t.id == index).unwrap()
+ }
+}
+
+impl IndexMut<&TicketId> for TicketStore {
+ fn index_mut(&mut self, index: &TicketId) -> &mut Self::Output {
+ &mut self[*index]
+ }
+}
+
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use crate::{Status, TicketDraft, TicketStore};
counter: u64,
}
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct TicketId(u64);
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
impl TicketStore {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
- tickets: todo!(),
+ tickets: HashMap::new(),
counter: 0,
}
}
description: ticket.description,
status: Status::ToDo,
};
- todo!();
+ self.tickets.insert(id, ticket);
id
}
pub fn get(&self, id: TicketId) -> Option<&Ticket> {
- todo!()
+ self.tickets.get(&id)
}
pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: TicketId) -> Option<&mut Ticket> {
- todo!()
+ self.tickets.get_mut(&id)
}
}
counter: u64,
}
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct TicketId(u64);
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
impl TicketStore {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
- tickets: todo!(),
+ tickets: BTreeMap::new(),
counter: 0,
}
}
description: ticket.description,
status: Status::ToDo,
};
- todo!();
+ self.tickets.insert(id, ticket);
id
}
pub fn get(&self, id: TicketId) -> Option<&Ticket> {
- todo!()
+ self.tickets.get(&id)
}
pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: TicketId) -> Option<&mut Ticket> {
- todo!()
+ self.tickets.get_mut(&id)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a TicketStore {
+ type Item = &'a Ticket;
+ type IntoIter = std::collections::btree_map::Values<'a, TicketId, Ticket>;
+ fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+ self.tickets.values().into_iter()
}
}
fn intro() -> &'static str {
// TODO: fix me 👇
- "I'm ready to _!"
+ "I'm ready to build a concurrent ticket management system!"
}
#[cfg(test)]
// slices of the vector directly. You'll need to allocate new
// vectors for each half of the original vector. We'll see why
// this is necessary in the next exercise.
-use std::thread;
+use std::{thread, vec::Vec};
pub fn sum(v: Vec<i32>) -> i32 {
- todo!()
+ let v1 = v[0..v.len() / 2].to_vec();
+ let v2 = v[v.len() / 2..].to_vec();
+
+ let t1 = thread::spawn(move || v1.iter().sum::<i32>());
+ let t2 = thread::spawn(move || v2.iter().sum::<i32>());
+
+ t1.join().unwrap() + t2.join().unwrap()
}
#[cfg(test)]
use std::thread;
pub fn sum(slice: &'static [i32]) -> i32 {
- todo!()
+ let (s1, s2) = slice.split_at(slice.len() / 2);
+
+ let t1 = thread::spawn(|| s1.iter().sum::<i32>());
+ let t2 = thread::spawn(|| s2.iter().sum::<i32>());
+
+ t1.join().unwrap() + t2.join().unwrap()
}
#[cfg(test)]
use std::thread;
pub fn sum(v: Vec<i32>) -> i32 {
+ // Vec::leak(self)
todo!()
}
projects / rust_exercises.git / commitdiff