All chapter 6 code

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diff --git a/ch6-memory/Cargo.toml b/ch6-memory/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..bf68be8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch6-memory/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[package]
+name = "ch6-memory"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+# It seems Piston has been discontinued. 'ggez' seems a better alternative.
+piston_window = "0.124"
+piston2d-graphics = "0.42"
+rand = "0.8"
+
+# It seems the 'winapi' crate as been replaced by 'windows'/'windows-sys' crates.
+# winapi = { version = "0.3", features = ["sysinfoapi", "memoryapi"] }
+[dependencies.windows]
+version = "0.39"
+features = [
+    "Win32_Foundation",
+    "Win32_System_Memory",
+    "Win32_System_Threading",
+    "Win32_System_SystemInformation",
+    "Win32_System_Diagnostics_Debug",
+]
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/ch6-memory/src/external_strings.rs b/ch6-memory/src/external_strings.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c8b4dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch6-memory/src/external_strings.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::ffi::CStr;
+use std::os::raw::c_char;
+use std::mem;
+
+static B: [u8; 10] = [99, 97, 114, 114, 121, 116, 111, 119, 101, 108];
+static C: [u8; 11] = [116, 104, 97, 110, 107, 115, 102, 105, 115, 104, 0];
+
+pub fn read_from_external_string_sources() {
+    unsafe {
+        let b_ptr = &B as *const u8 as *mut u8; // Double cast needed. '*const' and '*mut' denote a raw pointer.
+        let b = String::from_raw_parts(b_ptr, 10, 10);
+        let b = mem::ManuallyDrop::new(b); // Avoid 'b' to deallocate a static memory.
+
+        let c_ptr = &C as *const u8 as *const c_char; // Double cast needed.
+        let c = CStr::from_ptr(c_ptr).to_string_lossy();
+
+        println!("b: {}, c: {}", *b, c);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/ch6-memory/src/main.rs b/ch6-memory/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4673317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch6-memory/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#![cfg_attr(debug_assertions, allow(dead_code, unused_imports))]
+
+mod external_strings;
+mod particles;
+mod virtual_memory;
+
+fn main() {
+    // particles::run(); // Uncomment to run 'particles'.
+    // external_strings::read_from_external_string_sources();
+    virtual_memory::run();
+}
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/ch6-memory/src/particles.rs b/ch6-memory/src/particles.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6c91d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch6-memory/src/particles.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+use graphics::math::{Vec2d, add, mul_scalar};
+
+use piston_window::*;
+
+use rand::prelude::*;
+
+use std::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, System, Layout};
+
+use std::process::exit;
+use std::thread::Thread;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+#[global_allocator]
+static ALLOCATOR: ReportingAllocator = ReportingAllocator;
+
+struct ReportingAllocator;
+
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for ReportingAllocator {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let ptr = System.alloc(layout);
+        let end = Instant::now();
+        let time_taken = end - start;
+        let bytes_requested = layout.size();
+
+        eprintln!("{}\t{}", bytes_requested, time_taken.as_nanos()); // Uncomment to print all allocations.
+        ptr
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+        System.dealloc(ptr, layout);
+    }
+}
+
+struct World {
+    current_turn: u64,
+    particles: Vec<Box<Particle>>,
+    height: f64,
+    width: f64,
+    rng: ThreadRng,
+}
+
+struct Particle {
+    height: f64,
+    width: f64,
+    position: Vec2d<f64>,
+    velocity: Vec2d<f64>,
+    acceleration: Vec2d<f64>,
+    color: [f32; 4],
+}
+
+impl Particle {
+    fn new(world: &World) -> Particle {
+        let mut rng = thread_rng();
+        let x = rng.gen_range(0.0..=world.width);
+        let y = world.height;
+        let x_velocity = 0.0;
+        let y_velocity = rng.gen_range(-2.0..0.0);
+        let x_acceleration = 0.0;
+        let y_acceleration = rng.gen_range(0.0..0.15);
+
+        Particle {
+            height: 4.0,
+            width: 4.0,
+            position: [x, y].into(),
+            velocity: [x_velocity, y_velocity].into(),
+            acceleration: [x_acceleration, y_acceleration].into(),
+            color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.99],
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self) {
+        self.velocity = add(self.velocity, self.acceleration);
+        self.position = add(self.position, self.velocity);
+        self.acceleration = mul_scalar(self.acceleration, 0.7);
+        self.color[3] *= 0.995;
+    }
+}
+
+impl World {
+    fn new(width: f64, height: f64) -> World {
+        World {
+            current_turn: 0,
+            particles: Vec::<Box<Particle>>::new(),
+            height,
+            width,
+            rng: thread_rng(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add_shapes(&mut self, n: i32) {
+        for _ in 0..n.abs() {
+            let particle = Particle::new(&self);
+            let boxed_particle = Box::new(particle);
+            self.particles.push(boxed_particle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn remove_shapes(&mut self, n: i32) {
+        for _ in 0..n.abs() {
+            let mut to_delete = None;
+            let particle_iter = self.particles.iter().enumerate();
+            for (i, particle) in particle_iter {
+                if particle.color[3] < 0.02 {
+                    to_delete = Some(i);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if let Some(i) = to_delete {
+                self.particles.remove(i);
+            } else {
+                self.particles.remove(0); // Oldest particle.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self) {
+        let n = self.rng.gen_range(-3..=3);
+
+        if n > 0 {
+            self.add_shapes(n);
+        } else {
+            self.remove_shapes(n);
+        }
+
+        self.particles.shrink_to_fit();
+        for shape in &mut self.particles {
+            shape.update();
+        }
+
+        self.current_turn += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn run() {
+    let (width, height) = (1280.0, 960.9);
+
+    let mut window: PistonWindow = WindowSettings::new("particles", [width, height])
+        .exit_on_esc(true)
+        .build()
+        .expect("Could not create a window.");
+
+    let mut world = World::new(width, height);
+    world.add_shapes(1000);
+
+    while let Some(event) = window.next() {
+        world.update();
+
+        window.draw_2d(
+            &event,
+            |ctx, renderer, _device| {
+                clear([0.15, 0.17, 0.17, 0.9], renderer);
+                for s in &mut world.particles {
+                    let size = [s.position[0], s.position[1], s.width, s.height];
+                    rectangle(s.color, size, ctx.transform, renderer);
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/ch6-memory/src/virtual_memory.rs b/ch6-memory/src/virtual_memory.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..63120a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch6-memory/src/virtual_memory.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use core::ffi::c_void;
+
+use windows::Win32::{
+    Foundation::HANDLE,
+    System::{
+        SystemInformation::SYSTEM_INFO,
+        Memory::MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION as MEMINFO,
+    }
+};
+
+pub fn run() {
+    let this_pid: u32;
+    let this_proc: HANDLE;
+    let min_addr: *mut c_void;
+    let max_addr: *mut c_void;
+    let mut base_addr: *mut c_void;
+    let mut proc_info: SYSTEM_INFO;
+    let mut mem_info: MEMINFO;
+
+    const MEMINFO_SIZE: usize = std::mem::size_of::<MEMINFO>();
+
+    unsafe {
+        base_addr = std::mem::zeroed();
+        proc_info = std::mem::zeroed();
+        mem_info = std::mem::zeroed();
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        this_pid = windows::Win32::System::Threading::GetCurrentProcessId();
+        this_proc = windows::Win32::System::Threading::GetCurrentProcess();
+        windows::Win32::System::SystemInformation::GetSystemInfo(&mut proc_info);
+    }
+
+    min_addr = proc_info.lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
+    max_addr = proc_info.lpMaximumApplicationAddress;
+
+    println!("PID: {}", this_pid);
+    println!("pageSize: {}, mumberOfProcessors: {}, processorType: {}", proc_info.dwPageSize, proc_info.dwNumberOfProcessors, proc_info.dwProcessorType);
+    println!("min: {:p}, max: {:p}", min_addr, max_addr);
+
+    loop {
+        let rc: usize = unsafe { windows::Win32::System::Memory::VirtualQueryEx(this_proc, base_addr, &mut mem_info, MEMINFO_SIZE) };
+        if rc == 0 {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        println!("{:#?}", mem_info);
+        base_addr = (base_addr as u64 + mem_info.RegionSize as u64) as *mut c_void;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file